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- $Unique_ID{BRK03904}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Kinsbourne Syndrome}
- $Subject{Kinsbourne Syndrome Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Myoclonic Encephalopathy
- Opsoclonic Encephalopathy Myoclonus Leigh's Disease Kernicterus }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 679:
- Kinsbourne Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Kinsbourne Syndrome)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Opsoclonus-Myoclonus
- Myoclonic Encephalopathy
- Opsoclonic Encephalopathy
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Myoclonus
- Leigh's Disease
- Kernicterus
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Kinsbourne Syndrome is a rare seizure disorder. Major symptoms may
- include an unsteady gait, myoclonus, (uncontrollable jerky movements) and
- rapid eye movements.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Kinsbourne Syndrome is characterized by repeated, rapid eye movements in both
- horizontal and vertical directions (opsoclonus), an unsteady gait (ataxia),
- spasms or twitchings of a muscle or group of muscles (myoclonus) and
- behavioral abnormalities. Mental retardation may or may not be present.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Kinsbourne Syndrome is not known. In approximately forty-
- five per cent of all cases the cause of it is related to malignant tumors of
- embryonic nerve cells (neuroblastoma). These tumors can be located in
- various areas of the body, but they are most often located in the adrenal
- medulla of the brain. In some cases the disorder can occur after a viral
- infection such as chicken pox or measles.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Kinsbourne Syndrome is a rare disorder that usually affects infants and young
- children, although it is also known to affect adults. It is found in males
- and females in equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Kinsbourne
- Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Myoclonus is a group of movement disorders characterized by sudden,
- involuntary contractions of a skeletal muscle or group of muscles. It may be
- divided into two groups, rhythmical and arrhythmic myoclonus. Myoclonus may
- accompany a number of neurologic diseases, including seizure disorders, brain
- injuries, hereditary brain disorders, viral infections, and neuroblastomas.
- In arrhythmic myoclonus, the more common type, muscle jerks are irregular and
- unpredictable. Single muscles, or the entire skeletal musculature may be
- affected. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Myoclonus" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Rhythmical, or segmental, myoclonus is characterized by synchronized
- muscle jerks with a constant frequency of between ten and one hundred and
- eighty jerks per minute. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Myoclonus" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
-
- Leigh's Disease is a genetic metabolic disorder characterized by lesions
- of the brain, spinal cord, optic nerve and in some cases, an enlarged heart.
- The disorder is usually first diagnosed during infancy but may begin later.
- Symptoms during infancy may include low body weight, slow growth, tremors,
- skin changes and interrupted breathing patterns. Progressive neurological
- disturbances, mental retardation, slurred speech and loss of motor
- coordination (ataxia) may occur in cases beginning during or after infancy.
- Abnormalities of eye movement and other vision problems may develop in cases
- with later onset. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Leigh" as
- your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Kernicterus is a condition characterized by an excess of bilirubin in the
- blood during infancy. The bilirubin is deposited in the basal ganglia of the
- brain and in the brainstem nuclei. Early symptoms of Kernicterus in full
- term infants may include lethargy, poor feeding and vomiting, a spasm with
- head and heels bent backward and the body bowed forward (opisthotonus),
- upward deviation of the eyes, convulsions and muscular rigidity. Later in
- childhood the patient may show ceaseless jerky movements and slow sinuous
- writhing movements (choreoathetosis), sensorineural hearing loss, and loss of
- upward gaze. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Kernicterus" as
- your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Kinsbourne Syndrome involves the use corticosteroid drugs,
- synthetic ACTH (Synacthen) and adrenocorticotropic hormones to relieve
- symptoms. When the cause of the disorder is a neuroblastoma surgery to
- remove the tumor is performed along with chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research on Kinsbourne Syndrome is being pursued by the following physician.
- Patients who may be interested in participating in the study should ask their
- doctor to contact:
-
- Michael R. Pranzatelli, MD
- Neurology Department
- Columbia University Health Sciences
- 630 West 168th Street
- New York, NY 10032
- (212) 305-1541
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- July 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Kinsbourne Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Kinsbourne Syndrome Support Group
- 8722 Beal
- Dyer, IN 46311
-
- or
-
- Rt. 1, Box 305
- Carrollton, VA 23314
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- National Myoclonus Foundation
- 845 Third Avenue, 4th Floor
- New York, NY 10022
- (212) 758-5656
-
- References
-
- POLYMIOCLONIA-OPSOCLONUS; KINSBOURNE SYNDROME. REPORT OF A CASE. J.B.
- Vieira, et al.; Arq Neuropsiquiatr (June, 1985, issue 43 (2)). Pp. 194-197.
-
- OPSOCLONIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IN CHILDHOOD (KINSBOURNE SYNDROME). A. Corriea,
- et al.; Pediatr Med Chir (May-June, 1985, issue 7 (3)). Pp. 437-441.
-
- MYOCLONIC ENCEPHALOPATHY (KINSBOURNE SYNDROME). W. Kaulfersch, et al.;
- Padiatr Padol (1984, issue 19 (3)). Pp. 279-285.
-
- KINSBOURNE DISEASE. STUDY OF FOUR CASES. E. Fernandez-Alvarez, et al.;
- An Esp Pediatr (June-July, 1978, issue 11 (6-7)). Pp. 461-470.
-
-